Dengue fever is a viral infection spread by Aedes mosquitoes, primarily in tropical and subtropical climates. Also known as “breakbone fever” due to severe muscle and joint pain, it can range from mild to life-threatening. Here’s everything you need to know about this rising global health threat.
1. Dengue Is Spread by Aedes Mosquitoes
The primary carriers are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, which bite during the daytime — especially in the early morning and late afternoon. Dengue virus spreads when a mosquito bites an infected person and then transmits the virus to another person.
2. It Has Four Different Serotypes
There are four related dengue viruses: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. A person can be infected with one type and later get another. A second infection with a different serotype can be more dangerous, increasing the risk of severe dengue.
3. Common Symptoms Can Be Misleading
Symptoms usually begin 4–10 days after the mosquito bite and can last up to 7 days. Key signs include:
Sudden high fever (up to 104°F or 40°C)
Severe headaches
Pain behind the eyes
Muscle, bone, and joint pain
Skin rash (appears 2–5 days after onset)
Nausea and vomiting
Fatigue and weakness
Children and people with weakened immune systems are more prone to complications.
4. Severe Dengue Can Be Fatal
Also called Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), severe dengue causes:
Bleeding under the skin or from the nose/gums
Abdominal pain
Persistent vomiting
Difficulty breathing
Organ damage and shock
Immediate hospitalization is essential in such cases.
5. Diagnosis Requires Blood Tests
Doctors usually perform the following tests:
NS1 antigen test (detects early infection)
IgM and IgG antibody tests
Complete blood count (CBC) to monitor platelet levels and hematocrit
Low platelet count and rising hematocrit are red flags for severe dengue.
6. There Is No Specific Antiviral Treatment
Currently, there’s no antiviral cure for dengue. Management includes:
Rest and hydration
Fever reducers like acetaminophen (avoid aspirin or ibuprofen)
Monitoring for warning signs of severe dengue
Severe cases may require IV fluids, blood transfusions, or intensive care.
7. Prevention Is Your Best Protection
Since there is no universal cure, prevention is key:
Use insect repellent containing DEET or picaridin
Wear long-sleeved clothes
Install mosquito nets or screens
Eliminate standing water from flowerpots, buckets, or tires
Community mosquito control programs
A dengue vaccine (Dengvaxia) exists in some countries but is recommended only for those previously infected.
❓ FAQs About Dengue Fever
Q: Can you get dengue more than once?
A: Yes. You can be infected by all 4 serotypes over your lifetime.
Q: Is dengue contagious?
A: No. It’s not spread from person to person — only through mosquito bites.
Q: Can dengue fever be treated at home?
A: Mild cases can be managed at home with fluids and rest, but warning signs must be watched carefully.
📌 Final Thoughts
Dengue fever is a fast-spreading viral illness with potentially serious outcomes. Knowing the symptoms and seeking early care are critical. While there’s no cure, prevention and awareness can significantly reduce your risk. In affected regions, staying informed could save your life or the life of someone you love.
Book Appointment from Fallego
